This question requires a long answer. I’d try to be as brief as possible.
Firstly as far as the laws are concerned there haven’t been any that have been added in the New Testament. All laws trace their root back to the books of Moses including the one on “Loving the Lord your God with all your heart and Loving Your neighbor (Matthew 22:37 to 40,emphasis verse 40).
Laws were given to the children of Israel or were put in writing during their time in the desert. They can be classified as Ceremonial Laws, Civil Laws and Moral Laws. Not only that there were also laws given to Israel that were only applicable to that current condition. In Mark 10:5 Jesus mentions that the bill on divorce was written only because the peoples hearts were hardened and it was never meant to be that way in the first place.
Ceremonial Laws dealt with the different offerings, festivals and requirements for high priests. Civil laws had to do with Israel’s governance at that time. Moral Laws included the Ten Commandments.
When Jesus came He did two things. He fulfilled the law (Matthew 5:17) and its requirements therefore parts of it got abolished (Eph 2:15) and not only that He used His authority to establish further( build on) other parts of the Law (Example-Matthew 5:20 to 27).
Firstly when we consider the aspect of the law being abolished it is mainly in regards to the ceremonial laws. This includes requirements for the high priests (Eph 2:15 and Heb 2:17 in context), the laws for different burnt offerings, festivals and Sabbaths (Colossians 2:16 in context, also see the different times Jesus and His disciples broke rules on the Sabbath).
The laws that He established(further built on) were mainly moral laws (Matthew 5:20 to 27). We see this pattern in the writings of the apostles also as they emphasize on Holiness (Ex- Galatians 5:19-21).
As far as civil laws it varies with the culture. Also in civil laws could be included requirements on food. The New Testament however doesn’t have any such requirements on food, save a few. (Peter’s vision- Acts 10:10 to 16, Read Acts 15 emphasis on verse 20).
As far as laws that have changed from time to time one has to find that out from reading the Bible. One such could be the requirement on women, how they dress and how they should act in church.
So in concluding this thought, from the Old to the New Testament the moral laws still remain the same.Jesus not only confirms this but builds further on some of them.
Now in regards to the consequences our focus is mainly on moral laws as it pertains to the New Testament. In the Old Testament people were judged instantaneously for their sins. Now if we follow the Biblical pattern into the New Testament it seems to have changed all of a sudden and there seems to be no consequence for a person’s sin. On the contrary nothing has changed. It’s just that someone else (Jesus) has taken that consequence on Himself.
Also if we see the Old Testament patterns if there were an intercessor in place people were spared of the consequence (of course with repentance soon coming).In the New Testament Jesus Himself and the Spirit are our intercessors. What a great privilege we have!!
However if we take this for granted and continue in sin a worse punishment awaits us than the people who sinned in the Old Testament times (Hebrews 10:26 to 29).
